Sediment transport pathways along the south-east coast of Florida

The US state of Florida has over 2,000 km of coastline, featuring a mix of beautiful beaches and coral reefs. The south-east coast borders a wide strait, the Florida Strait, through which a strong current of warm water flows northwards. Further north, this Florida Current feeds into the Gulf Stream, which ultimately brings us the temperate climate of western Europe. Along the south-east coast, the coastline is indented by several sea inlets and access channels to harbours.

The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) commissioned WaterProof to investigate the sediment transport pathways along the south-east coast of Florida. The aim was to use calibrated numerical models to quantify the prevailing hydrodynamic conditions and subsequently to map sediment transport patterns and the sediment balance.

This information is used to enable measures to be taken and justified in order to control sediment (sand and fine silt) wherever possible. For example, the project provides insight into the size of the sediment plume that can develop during dredging operations in a harbour, as well as into the effects of sediment bypass systems and existing breakwaters, and how these could be implemented more efficiently.

Florida Current
Comparison between the measurement (left) and the model (right) of flow patterns for the coastal area at Palm Beach
A comparison of measurements and models of waves off the coast of Lake Worth Inlet.
Investigation of the interaction between the tidal current in the sea channel (westward), the Florida Current (northward) and wave-driven currents (southward) in the coastal area of Port Everglades

On-site research

For this project, some of our colleagues travelled to Florida. Whilst there, they had the unique opportunity to see the Florida Current with their own eyes and collect sand samples for further research.

The photos below offer a glimpse behind the scenes during a visit to the control centre from which incoming cargo ships are safely guided into the harbour.

Of course, the beaches were a must-see, too. From the coast, the impact of erosion was very clear. Also, it was evident how the landscape is slowly changing under the force of the sea.

Bypass structure in Palm Beach
The interplay of tidal currents and incoming waves at the mouth of the sea channel
Beach erosion south of Port Everglades
Beach erosion south of Port Everglades
Beach nourishment south of Port Everglades, slightly further south than the previous photo
Sand samples collected along the south-east coast of Florida: from Jacksonville to Key West

Take a look at our other projects

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Offshore wind farms use different types of foundations depending on the site conditions. The most commonly used foundation types are monopiles, gravity-based structures and jacket foundations. In collaboration with Leo van Rijn, WaterProof investigated the expected dimensions of scour pits around offshore wind turbine foundations. The study combined physical scale experiments carried out in WaterProof’s flow and sediment basin with numerical modelling.

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Long-Term EMF Measurements

Around buried export cables connecting offshore wind farms to the mainland, electromagnetic fields (EMF) are generated by the electrical current flowing through the cables. These EMF may potentially affect marine life. The magnitude of these fields and their potential impact are largely unknown. To gain a better understanding of these fields, we developed an autonomous EMF measurement station capable of continuously measuring EMF with nanotesla-level accuracy.

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MUSA, Research into the behavior of mud-sand mixtures

MUSA, Research into the behavior of silt-sand mixtures Tidal basins and estuaries form an important transition zone between land and sea. These areas are vital for flora and fauna, but are also extensively used by humans, for example for shipping. For ecological and navigational purposes, it is important to understand how channels and shoals behave and what seabed compositions can be expected in different locations. The seabed in tidal basins and estuaries consists mainly of sand and silt. The channels are often sandy, whilst the intertidal zones are rich in silt. The interaction between sand and silt, combined with currents and waves, leads to a complex dynamic of migrating channels and banks in these areas.

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